What Makes a Hotel Truly Sustainable
Investigating the Intersection of Waste Reduction, Recycling, and Aesthetics in Contemporary Hotel Design.
Abstract
This research study investigates the intersection of waste reduction, recycling, and aesthetics in contemporary hotel design, with a specific focus on sustainable practices in hotels located in Maldives and the United Kingdom (UK). The study employs a mixed-methods approach, utilizing questionnaires and observational studies to gather data from hotel managers or sustainability officers. The questionnaire explores various aspects of sustainable practices, waste reduction, recycling, aesthetics, energy efficiency, water conservation, use of sustainable materials, biodiversity, and social responsibility initiatives. The observational study observes waste management systems, recycling practices, aesthetic design elements, energy-efficient technologies, water conservation measures, use of sustainable materials, landscaping, and social responsibility initiatives in a subset of selected hotels. The findings highlight the integration of waste reduction, recycling, and aesthetics in sustainable hotel practices in both Maldives and the UK. They reveal varied approaches to energy efficiency and water conservation based on regional contexts and environmental factors. The use of sustainable materials and consideration of biodiversity are emphasized in both locations. Furthermore, the study uncovers the presence of social responsibility initiatives in hotel operations. The findings contribute to the understanding of sustainable hotel practices, provide insights into challenges and opportunities faced by hotels, and emphasize the importance of cultural influences and regional contexts in sustainable hotel design. The study’s results have implications for the hospitality industry, highlighting the need for waste reduction, sustainable materials, energy efficiency, water conservation, and social responsibility. The research also suggests potential for knowledge exchange and collaboration between different regions. Future research directions include expanding the geographical scope and conducting longitudinal studies to assess the long-term impacts of sustainable initiatives.
Keywords: sustainable hotel design, waste reduction, recycling, aesthetics, sustainability.
Table of Contents
Sustainable hotel design: An overview.. 8
Assessment tools for environmental stability in the construction industry. 9
Key Characteristics of Sustainable Hotels: From Design to Operations and Social Responsibility. 11
Waste reduction and recycling in the hospitality industry. 11
Aesthetics and sustainable design in hotels. 11
Energy efficiency and conservation strategies in hotels. 11
Water conservation practices in sustainable hotel design. 11
Use of sustainable materials in hotel construction and interior design. 12
Biodiversity and landscaping considerations in hotel design. 12
Social responsibility in sustainable hotel operations. 12
Guest education and engagement in sustainable hotels. 12
Certification and standards for sustainable hotel design. 12
Sustainable Initiatives in Luxury Resorts in the Maldives. 14
Wildlife and Nature Conservation. 15
Kuredu Island Resort & Spa. 17
Identifying Challenges and Solutions. 18
Environmental Regulations and Waste Management 18
Data Collection – Questionnaires. 21
Cross-Comparative Analysis. 22
Results and Discussion of Findings. 23
Integration of Waste Reduction, Recycling, and Aesthetics. 23
Varied Approaches to Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation. 23
Use of Sustainable Materials and Biodiversity Considerations. 23
Social Responsibility Initiatives. 23
Cultural Influences and Regional Contexts. 24
Challenges and Opportunities. 24
Potential for Knowledge Exchange and Collaboration. 25
Implications for the Hospitality Industry. 25
Future Research Directions. 25
Questionnaire: Investigating Sustainable Hotel Practices. 28
Introduction
The hotel industry has long been associated with luxury and indulgence, offering a welcome escape from everyday life. The environmental impact of hotels, however, cannot be overlooked. The hospitality industry plays a significant role in global environmental impact, resource consumption, and waste generation. As environmental awareness and sustainable practices continue to gain prominence, hotels are increasingly recognizing the need to adopt sustainable approaches in their design and operations.
One critical aspect of sustainable hotel design is the intersection of waste reduction, recycling, and aesthetics. While waste reduction and recycling contribute to environmental conservation, aesthetics enhance guest experiences and the overall appeal of the hotel. As human activities continue to contribute to environmental degradation, it is crucial to investigate how hotels can be managed and designed environmentally responsibly. The purpose of this dissertation is to study the intersection of waste reduction, recycling, and aesthetics in contemporary hotel design to discover what it is that really makes a hotel sustainable.
As hotels contribute significantly to environmental degradation, sustainable hotel design is becoming increasingly important. This industry is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, water depletion, and waste generation. With the escalating concerns about climate change, resource depletion, and environmental degradation, there is an urgent need to transform hotels into sustainable entities. The adoption of sustainable practices in hotel design and operations not only minimizes negative environmental impacts but also presents opportunities for cost savings, increased competitiveness, and improved guest satisfaction.
This dissertation examines how hotels can be managed and designed to be environmentally responsible by taking waste reduction, recycling, and to consideration. This study aims to provide hotel operators and designers with practical recommendations for building more environmentally sustainable hotels. This dissertation discusses the sustainable practices implemented by Atmosphere Core, an application management company that operates luxury resorts in the Maldives.
Research Objectives
The primary objective of this research is to investigate the various elements that contribute to the sustainability of hotels, with a specific focus on waste reduction, recycling, and aesthetics.
Specific objectives
- To shed light on how hotels can effectively integrate environmental conservation practices without compromising the guest experience by examining the interplay between waste reduction, recycling, and aesthetics.
- To provide insights and recommendations to inform sustainable hotel design strategies that simultaneously address waste reduction, recycling, and aesthetics.
Definition of Key Terms
To ensure clarity, the following key terms in this study have been defined:
Sustainable hotel design – it refers to integrating environmental, social, economic, and aesthetic factors into hotel design, construction, and operations.
Hotel aesthetics – the aesthetics of hotels include the forms, materials, and atmospheres, as well as their visual and sensory qualities.
Waste reduction – this refers to implementing sustainable waste management practices to reduce waste generation and disposal in landfills.
Recycling – it involves the conversion of waste into reusable products to minimize energy and raw material consumption.
Literature Review
Sustainable hotel design is a multidimensional concept that encompasses various aspects, including waste reduction, recycling, and aesthetics. This section provides an overview of the existing literature on these topics, highlighting key findings and insights related to the intersection of waste reduction, recycling, and aesthetics in contemporary hotel design.
Sustainable hotel design: An overview
Sustainable hotel design involves the integration of environmentally responsible practices throughout the entire life cycle of a hotel, from planning and construction to operations and maintenance. According to Gössling et al. (2017), sustainable hotels strive to minimize their ecological footprint by optimizing energy and water consumption, reducing waste generation, and promoting environmental conservation. Waste reduction and recycling play a crucial role in achieving these sustainability goals.
Sustainable Building: The Importance of Aesthetics and Holistic Approaches for Long-term Success and Environmental Benefits
“Sustainable or green building is a strategy for creating healthier and more resource-efficient models for construction, renovation, operation, maintenance, and demolition in which energy remains a pivotal component, green design needs to consider other environmental impacts. Recent research and experience have clearly shown that when buildings are designed and operated with their life-cycle impacts in mind, they usually provide substantially greater environmental, economic, and social benefits. And it is now apparent from the growing body of evidence that the most significant benefits can be achieved when the design and construction team adopt an integrated holistic approach from the earliest stages of a building project. Sustainable buildings use valuable resources more efficiently than buildings that are simply built to code. These green buildings are also kinder to the environment and provide indoor spaces that are generally more healthy, comfortable, and productive” (Kubba, 2015)
Alan Scott, principal, Green Building Services, Portland, OR, says, “You can have a green building that doesn’t really ‘look’ any different than any other building” (Kubba, 2015 p. 5). Thus, a level of sustainability can easily be achieved by designing a green building that looks “normal.” Ralph DiNola, principal at Green Building Services, says, “People don’t really talk about the value of aesthetics in terms of the longevity of a building. A beautiful building will be preserved by a culture for a greater length of time than an ugly building” (Kubba, 2015 p. 5).
According to Kubba (2015), sustainability refers to a building’s ability to have a long-term and useful life, which is closely linked to aesthetics. The aesthetics of a building play a major role in its sustainability, and therefore its longevity. He argues that sustainability is not only about investing more money in environmentally friendly options in order to gain higher returns but also about taking on more environmental risks. Making conscious choices and working with nature, rather than against it, is what constitutes sustainability. He also warns against sacrificing tenant comfort as a means to achieve an environmentally responsible building. Rather than relying on popular sustainability myths that can lead to inappropriate and expensive decisions, it is vital to thoroughly research the options available and choose what is right for the individual project. In order to achieve long-term sustainability, it is essential to carefully consider sustainable technology options (Kubba, 2015).
Assessment tools for environmental stability in the construction industry
There are a number of assessment tools that aim to encourage designers and the construction industry to seek environmental sustainability. Among these, the most widely used assessment tools are the BREEAM and LEED.
The Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method, also known as BREEAM, was established by Building Research Establishment in 1990. It evaluates the building’s sustainability under nine main topics: (10)
- Management: in the dimension of policy of site management.
- Health and wellbeing: Factors affecting the health and wellbeing.
- Energy: energy consumption and gas emission.
- Transport: transportation in the context of location and gas emission.
- Water: efficiency in water consumption.
- Materials: evaluation from the aspect of material life cycle.
- Waste: waste products.
- Land use and Ecology: conservation of ecological sites.
- Pollution: air and water pollution assessments.
LEED categorizes its evaluation categories under six topics:
- Sustainable Sites (SS)
- Water Efficiency (WE)
- Energy and Atmosphere (EA)
- Materials and Resources (MR)
- Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)
As Kubba (2015) points out, the LEED certification program offers significant financial and environmental benefits to building operators. The program encourages consideration of a facility’s operating life cycle costs rather than just its initial construction costs by prioritizing efficient and economical design, construction, and operation of buildings. This creates cost savings for buildings throughout their lifespan as well as long-term sustainability. The LEED certification system, therefore, has a crucial role to play in encouraging both environmental and financial sustainability in the construction industry.
Furthermore, he says that designing sustainably prevents the depletion of essential resources such as energy, water, and raw materials and creates safe, liveable, productive, and healthy environments. In theory, concepts and strategies related to sustainable building should deliver net positive benefits in all these areas. Existing buildings can often be retrofitted more cost-effectively and with less environmental impact than new ones. In this sense, this approach aligns with sustainable design principles, which emphasize working with the natural environment. Therefore, effective sustainable design and construction must have a deep understanding of the local environment (Kubba, 2015)
Sustainable Hotel Design in Architecture and Interior Design: Promoting Sustainable Living Practices
Sustainable hotels are those that not only incorporate green technologies and materials into their design and operations, but also foster a sustainable culture throughout their operations. It minimizes its environmental impact, while also contributing to the local community from a holistic perspective. The implementation of sustainable design can affect the natural environment and society’s social fabric in a positive way by promoting and encouraging sustainable living. Among the primary objectives of sustainable design is to reduce the environmental impact of construction, use, and disposal of buildings while also contributing to the social environment by addressing practical needs and by improving the environment (Sassi, 2006).
According to Paolo Sassi’s book Strategies for Sustainable Architecture “Sustainability is not an academic pursuit or even a professional activity: it is a way of life affecting everything an individual does. Knowing what kind of a relationship we want to have with the global and local environment is the first consideration. Then we should address how to achieve this relationship. To move from theory into practice it is necessary to understand the impacts associated with our work- and life-related activities.” (Sassi, 2006 pp. 15–16).
A sustainable building should improve the environment, people’s mental and physical well-being, and their practical needs. The social environment in which they exist should also be taken into consideration (Sassi, 2006).
The RIBA Key Indicators for Sustainability Design and the RIBA Environmental Checklist for Development identify several factors to consider in sustainable design, including land and ecology, community, health, materials, energy, and water. By addressing these factors, buildings can positively impact society for many years to come and be an asset for many years in the future. There are no practical or ethical reasons why sustainable buildings cannot meet these objectives (Sassi, 2006).
The principles of sustainable design can also be applied to interior design. Material selection, lighting, furniture, and overall aesthetic can all contribute to the creation of a healthy and sustainable indoor environment. By choosing recycled or upcycled materials, waste can be reduced and natural resources can be used more efficiently. By optimizing lighting design, natural light can be used to maximize efficiency, and artificial lighting can be minimized to reduce energy usage. Durable and long-lasting furniture and interior elements can reduce replacement needs and waste. Moreover, calming and sustainable indoor environments can be created with design aesthetics inspired by nature and incorporating natural elements such as plants.
The implementation of sustainable design principles into architecture and interior design can promote and enhance the implementation of sustainable living practices.
Key Characteristics of Sustainable Hotels: From Design to Operations and Social Responsibility
Sustainable practices should be integrated into all aspects of the hotel’s operations, from design to construction to energy and water use, waste management, and even food. A truly sustainable hotel should therefore have these characteristics:
Waste reduction and recycling in the hospitality industry
The hospitality industry has a significant impact on waste generation, with hotels producing large volumes of solid waste on a daily basis. To address this challenge, hotels are increasingly implementing waste reduction and recycling programs. According to Ryan and Font (2016), effective waste management strategies in hotels include source separation of recyclables, composting of organic waste, and partnerships with local recycling facilities. These practices not only reduce the environmental impact but also contribute to cost savings and improved corporate social responsibility.
Aesthetics and sustainable design in hotels
Aesthetics play a vital role in the overall guest experience and perception of a hotel. Sustainable hotel design strives to create visually appealing spaces while integrating environmental considerations. According to Tukker and Cohen (2013), sustainable design principles emphasize the use of natural materials, harmonious color schemes, and innovative architectural solutions that blend with the surrounding environment. By incorporating sustainable materials and design elements, hotels can create visually pleasing aesthetics that align with their sustainability objectives.
Energy efficiency and conservation strategies in hotels
Energy consumption is a significant contributor to a hotel’s environmental footprint. Sustainable hotels focus on energy efficiency and conservation to reduce their impact. Li et al. (2019) suggest that energy-efficient HVAC systems, LED lighting, smart controls, and the use of renewable energy sources such as solar panels contribute to energy conservation in hotels. These strategies not only reduce energy consumption but also enhance the aesthetics of hotel spaces through well-designed lighting and climate control systems.
Water conservation practices in sustainable hotel design
Water scarcity is a pressing global concern, and hotels have a responsibility to manage water resources sustainably. Sustainable hotel design incorporates water-saving technologies and practices. According to Deng et al. (2017), low-flow fixtures, dual-flush toilets, graywater recycling systems, and rainwater harvesting techniques are commonly employed in sustainable hotels. These initiatives not only reduce water consumption but also contribute to the visual appeal of hotel landscapes through the integration of water-efficient irrigation systems and native plant species.
Use of sustainable materials in hotel construction and interior design
The selection of sustainable materials is critical in minimizing the environmental impact of hotel construction and interior design. Sustainable hotels prioritize the use of eco-friendly and locally sourced materials. Tan et al. (2016) note that responsibly harvested wood, recycled or upcycled materials, low-VOC paints, and carpets made from recycled fibers are commonly used in sustainable hotel design. The integration of these materials enhances the aesthetics of hotel spaces while reducing environmental harm.
Biodiversity and landscaping considerations in hotel design
Sustainable hotel design goes beyond the building itself and extends to the surrounding environment. Biodiversity and landscaping considerations play a crucial role in enhancing sustainability and aesthetics. According to Gössling et al. (2019), sustainable hotels incorporate native plant species that require less water and support local wildlife. The integration of green spaces and avoidance of chemical pesticides contribute to biodiversity conservation and create visually appealing landscapes.
Social responsibility in sustainable hotel operations
Sustainability in hotels encompasses social responsibility aspects beyond environmental considerations. Sustainable hotels demonstrate a commitment to social responsibility by prioritizing fair labor practices, employee well-being, and community engagement. According to Font et al. (2020), sustainable hotels provide fair wages and working conditions for their employees, offer training and development opportunities, and actively support local communities through partnerships with local businesses, artisans, and suppliers. These social responsibility initiatives contribute to the overall sustainability and positive image of the hotel.
Guest education and engagement in sustainable hotels
To promote sustainable practices and enhance guest experiences, sustainable hotels focus on guest education and engagement. By providing information and resources, hotels empower guests to participate in sustainable behaviors. According to Jamal and Getz (2015), sustainable hotels use in-room signage, information booklets, or interactive displays to educate guests about energy and water conservation, waste reduction, and responsible tourism practices. Engaging guests in sustainability initiatives not only raises awareness but also creates a sense of shared responsibility and contributes to the overall aesthetics of the hotel.
Certification and standards for sustainable hotel design
Certification and standards provide benchmarks for evaluating and recognizing sustainable hotel design and operations. The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification and the Green Globe certification are widely recognized in the hospitality industry. LEED certification focuses on energy efficiency, water conservation, waste reduction, and indoor environmental quality, while Green Globe certification encompasses broader sustainability criteria. According to Dodds and Joppe (2017), these certifications provide hotels with guidelines and performance indicators for achieving sustainability goals and serve as a marketing tool to attract environmentally conscious guests.
In summary, the review demonstrates the multidimensional nature of sustainable hotel design, highlighting the interconnectedness of waste reduction, recycling, and aesthetics. The review emphasizes the importance of integrating environmental, social, and economic factors to achieve true sustainability in hotel design. By adopting waste reduction and recycling practices, considering aesthetics in sustainable design, implementing energy and water conservation strategies, using sustainable materials, incorporating biodiversity and landscaping considerations, practicing social responsibility, engaging and educating guests, and adhering to certification and standards, hotels can create a truly sustainable and aesthetically pleasing environment. The literature review provides a foundation for further research and informs the development of practical strategies for the hotel industry to advance sustainability and enhance guest experiences.
CASE STUDY
Sustainable Initiatives in Luxury Resorts in the Maldives
This study focuses on sustainable hotel design practices implemented by several hotels in Maldives. The Maldives is a sovereign island nation located in the Indian Ocean’s north-central region. It consists of 1,190 coral islands grouped in a double chain of 27 atolls and is highly vulnerable to climate change. The hospitality industry in Maldives has witnessed a growing emphasis on sustainability, with hotels actively integrating environmental responsibility into their operations and design. The selected case studies demonstrate exemplary efforts in waste reduction, recycling, and aesthetics, showcasing their commitment to sustainability and providing valuable insights for the industry. In this research, I will examine various initiatives that luxury resorts such as Atmosphere Core and Kuredu Island Resort & Spa have taken to minimize their impact on the environment while also benefiting the local community.
Atmosphere Core
Atmosphere Core is a hospitality management company that operates luxury resorts in the Maldives. The company manages six resorts in the Maldives including OBLU Select at Sangeli, Ozen Reserve Bolifushi, OBLU at Helengeli, VaRu by Atmosphere, and Atmosphere Kanifushi. Each resort has its own unique features and services.
Energy Conservation
Atmosphere Core has implemented several energy conservation practices to reduce their environmental impact. In designing and constructing the resorts, passive design was used to reduce heating, cooling, lighting, and water consumption, while active technology solutions were used where necessary. All new air conditioners are inverter-type units that use less energy, and all incandescent and CFL lights have been replaced by LEDs. The resorts have set energy usage and reduction goals, which are monitored monthly, while guest room check-in protocol and policies minimize appliance and light use. The roofs are designed with insulation layers to reduce heat through the roofs, and the balcony glass doors bring in adequate daylight while facing north to prevent direct sunlight from heating the doors. Kadjan roofing is also used to reduce heat island effects at the resorts.
Water Conservation
The company has also implemented water conservation practices. Training and education are provided to staff on how to reduce water consumption, while guests and visitors are informed about how to conserve water and rationally use it. The resorts use native or low water plants in landscaping to minimize water consumption, as well as a rainwater harvesting system in staff accommodations. Each month, water usage and reduction goals are monitored, and monthly water usage and costs are recorded and benchmarked. A daily water meter reading is recorded, while all faucets in guest rooms, public restrooms, and spa treatment rooms use a minimum of 6 litres per flush (1.6 gallons per flush) or less. Rainwater is collected and used in RO plants, while grey water is used for irrigation and toilet flushing. The resorts do not have any toxic or hazardous substances in their bodies of water.
Waste Management
Several waste management initiatives have been implemented by the resorts in an effort to reduce their environmental impact. They have installed a modern wastewater treatment plant that effectively treats wastewater before it is released into the sea. Also, the resorts separate waste materials and compost biodegradable waste. Compressed plastic waste is sent for recycling to Parley for the Oceans, while non-biodegradable waste is sent to the mainland for disposal.
Green Initiatives
The company has also implemented several green initiatives to reduce carbon footprints and energy use. In addition to switching to LED lighting and energy-efficient air conditioners, the company has installed solar panels to reduce its dependency on fossil fuels and uses waste heat from generators to produce hot water. Furthermore, they use biodegradable straws and refillable water bottles to reduce their reliance on single-use plastics.
Wildlife and Nature Conservation
The Atmosphere resort prohibits fish feeding activities on its premises to prevent the exploitation of fish by predators. The resorts treat sewage water properly before releasing it into the sea and test it regularly to ensure it meets local regulations. The resorts use only qualified third-party pest control companies, and harmful pesticides are not used. Only line fishing is permitted, and fish that won’t be eaten are released back into the sea after they are caught.
Environmental Goals
The company has set a number of environmental goals in an effort to reduce its environmental impact. By reducing their carbon footprint, water consumption, and waste generation, they aim to impact the environment significantly. They also protect the ocean, conserve local wildlife, and reduce their dependence on fossil fuels. As part of these initiatives, the resort uses environmentally friendly cleaning products, reduces single-use plastics, promotes sustainable transportation, and educates guests and staff on sustainable practices. Besides partnering with local organizations, the company also supports conservation efforts.
Kuredu Island Resort & Spa
Kuredu Island Resort & Spa is a 4-star resort in the Maldives, a family friendly beach resort with diving, vibrant dining & separate adult only facilities. The resort implements a comprehensive sustainability program that includes waste reduction, energy conservation, and water management initiatives.
One of the resort’s primary initiatives is utilizing the abundant solar energy available throughout the year. The resort’s Team Village consists of 4,160 solar panels, which generate 240 watts of power each when sun shines, using a photovoltaic system, which turns sunlight into electricity. This results in a peak solar power generation of 900 KW and a total solar panel production of more than 4300 kWh on sunny days, which accounts for 15-30% of Kuredu’s electricity needs. By using this practice, carbon emissions are reduced by about 876,000 Kg per year.
Through a high-efficiency heat recovery system, the resort’s hot water needs are met by converting waste heat from generators into electricity. As a result, guests can enjoy hot, relaxing showers without negatively affecting the environment, saving about 804 kg of emissions every day. In the past year, rainwater was used extensively for irrigation purposes, and the 50,000-litre water tank for catching rainwater saved 12,532 kg of emissions. Moreover, Kuredu Island Resort uses line drying to dry almost 3,100 kg of linen daily, reducing machinery’s electricity usage and adding to the resort’s environmental practices.
The resort recycles all plastic, cardboard, and glass bottles, thereby reducing incinerator usage by 75%. As part of its sustainability efforts, the resort has also eliminated plastic rubbish bags in favor of recyclable bags in hotel rooms to encourage guests to take recyclable products home with them. Several of Kuredu’s team members recycle commonly used items, such as empty paint tins, which are cleverly converted into plant pots around the resort.
Guests are provided with water in glass bottles through the resort’s desalination plant, which reduces the use of plastic bottles, and drinks are not purchased in plastic bottles; they are instead served in glass or aluminium cans. Every guest room is equipped with an eco-bottle, and single-use straws have been replaced by reusable ones.
A partnership between Kuredu and the Maldives branch of Parley for the Oceans promotes the abolition of single-use plastics, as well as the responsible disposal of plastic that would otherwise end up in the ocean. “Parley for the Oceans (Parley) is Adidas’ partner in the Parley A.I.R Strategy, which turns plastic waste into thread that is woven into running shoes. The Adidas-Parley shoe silhouettes were re-designed with knitted uppers and decorative stitching, all made from recycled, ocean-bound plastic collected by Parley”. Throughout the year, the resort conducts regular island and beach clean-ups, as well as participating in Clean Up the World. Plastic is being phased out in favour of cardboard packaging for guest room amenities, and wooden bathroom amenities are being phased in.
Healing Earth, a leading spa and hotel amenities provider has created and launched a completely eco-friendly collection of Kuredu products exclusively for guests. Healing Earth uses antimicrobial agents that ensure toxic pollutants don’t find their way into Kuredu’s coral reef ecosystem, which is extremely sensitive. Each item is made naturally and sustainably, so guests are pampered while protecting the environment. The whole line of Kuredu hand and body wash, shampoo and conditioner, after-sun gel, hand and body lotion, and solid soap is biodegradable.
There are many herbs, vegetables and fruits grown in Kuredu’s greenhouse and herb garden, including cherry tomatoes, cucumbers, bell peppers, bok choy, long beans, eggplants, white radish, spinach, cauliflower, snake gourds, lettuces, watermelon, bananas, papayas, passion fruits, and more. A series of large events are regularly organized for the guests and members of the Kuredu team. As an effort to reduce unnecessary waste from such events, palm leaf plates are now being used instead of paper ones and palm leaf cutlery is now being used instead of plastic.
The resort’s environmentally friendly initiatives demonstrate its commitment to reducing its environmental impact and promoting more sustainable practices throughout the hospitality industry.
Identifying Challenges and Solutions
My study examines how water resources, waste, and environmental protection are currently managed in the two countries in order to identify possible solutions.
The first challenge identified is lack of government initiatives in assessing the impacts of climate change and groundwater pollution, and in creating policies to manage water resources. Lack of action has hindered attempts to address the challenges associated with water quality and quantity in the Maldives. (Cohen, 2017) However, the government has taken some steps to address this issue. Governments must prioritize water resource management and develop policies and strategies to overcome the impact of climate change on water resources in order to overcome this challenge.
The second challenge identified is the tourism industry and waste management. The Maldives’ tourism industry contributes to climate change through carbon emissions from transport, accommodations, and leisure activities. There is a significant challenge in managing waste on local islands in the Maldives due to a lack of proper facilities and a poor transportation network. The tourism industry is also not doing enough to address broader waste management issues in the country. It is crucial for stakeholders in the tourism industry to work collaboratively with governments and residents to develop effective waste management practices and raise awareness about climate change mitigation.
The third challenge identified is environmental law and protection. The Maldives has environmental laws and regulations to protect its natural resources, including land and marine species, but it’s unclear whether they apply to activities for climate resilience in the vicinity of a resort or if they are only for tourism purposes. Furthermore, coastal development, such as land reclamation, harbor construction, and seawall construction, threaten the biodiversity of the Maldives, such as reefs, lagoons, beaches, and mangroves. This challenge must be overcome by strengthening government governance and policies to protect the environment and improving inter-institutional cooperation to ensure effective environmental enforcement.
Environmental Regulations and Waste Management
Hotels in Maldives suffer from a lack of waste management facilities and good transport networks. While many resorts have integrated practices for managing solid waste, but the process of transporting waste from resorts is still challenging. In order to manage waste effectively in the resorts, a cost-effective and comprehensive treatment network is needed. However, the lack of adequate waste management and disposal facilities and limited technological adaptability make it difficult to address these broader waste management issues. Further, while resorts are likely able to manage their own waste, there needs to be a greater awareness and training regarding waste minimization and environmentally sound disposal practices throughout the country to create a net-zero resort industry (Nyassi, 2022).
The NBSAP strategy points out the lack of understanding of roles and responsibilities and the lack of cooperation between institutions. The lack of enforcement of some existing environmental laws also negatively impacts the environment (Techera and Cannell-Lunn, 2019).
Regulations and rules have been put into place by the Maldivian government in order to protect the environment from the adverse effects of development activities. As required by the regulations, felling of trees, dredging of lagoons and reefs, construction of seawalls and breakwaters, beach enhancement, and beach and lagoon construction require permission. Performing research activities that may harm the vegetation or freshwater lens of an island and importing and exporting living species are also included. The regulations are unclear regarding whether they apply to dredging or construction for the purpose of climate resilience or only when necessary for tourism development (Techera and Cannell-Lunn, 2019)
The construction phase of an island must leave 80% unbuilt and trees need to be replaced every two feet. Felling of any tree must be replaced with two more, ‘huge, old, or rare trees’ cannot be felled, and a buffer zone of five metres must surround them, coral stones may not be extracted. Due to land reclamation, harbor construction, and seawall construction, habitat loss is a major problem, especially for coral reefs, lagoons, beaches, and mangroves (Techera and Cannell-Lunn, 2019).
The Maldives’ heavy reliance on tourism has led to environmental degradation, which is exacerbated by a lack of monitoring and regulation. In the last decade, the government has allowed resort owners to innovate without strict adherence to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) requirements, which has led to a number of environmental damage cases, such as land reclamation and breakwater construction, as well as improper waste and sewage disposal. The lack of capacity of government agencies to follow up on these issues has also contributed to the problem. For example, an inhabited island was destroyed in order to beautify a resort complex by removing fully-grown coconut palms, topsoil, and sand (Scheyvens, 2011).
In spite of progress, the legal and institutional framework is poorly coordinated, and some existing laws aren’t properly enforced. As an example, marine protected areas only exist as “paper parks” with planning only at the planning stage. The Maldives National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) was developed to strengthen governance and policies (Techera and Cannell-Lunn, 2019).
A key provision of the Tourism Act is its inclusion of guidelines for the construction and operation of hotels and resorts that complement the relevant basic environmental legislation and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regulations. Reclamation and dredging regulations for islands and lagoons in Maldives (R-15/2013) aim to minimize the impact of development by limiting development closer than 200 meters, except for projects approved by the government (Techera and Cannell-Lunn, 2019).
Methodology
Research Design
This study employed a mixed-methods research design, combining questionnaires and observational study, to investigate sustainable hotel practices in the United Kingdom. The research design allows for a comprehensive understanding of the sustainable practices implemented in hotels and provides insights into the effectiveness and implementation of these practices.
Selection of Hotels
A purposive sampling technique was used to select hotels in the UK. The selection considered factors such as the hotel’s reputation, size, and sustainability initiatives. The aim was to include a diverse range of hotels, including luxury resorts, boutique hotels, and eco-friendly accommodations, to capture a wide spectrum of sustainable practices.
Questionnaire Development
A structured questionnaire was developed to collect data from hotel managers or sustainability officers. The questionnaire included both closed-ended and open-ended questions, covering various aspects of sustainable practices, waste reduction, recycling, aesthetics, energy efficiency, water conservation, use of sustainable materials, biodiversity, and social responsibility initiatives. The questionnaire was pilot-tested to ensure its clarity, relevance, and reliability.
Data Collection – Questionnaires
Questionnaires were distributed to the selected hotels the UK namely Ham Yard and Room2 hotels in London. Hotel managers were asked to complete the questionnaires, providing insights into the hotel’s sustainable practices and their integration with waste reduction, recycling, and aesthetics. The questionnaires were completed online, through phone calls or in-person, based on the preference of the participants. A reminder system was established to encourage participation and maximize response rates.
Observational Study
An observational study was conducted in a subset of the selected hotels. The researcher visited the hotels and observed their waste management systems, recycling practices, aesthetic design elements, energy-efficient technologies, water conservation measures, use of sustainable materials, landscaping, and social responsibility initiatives. Detailed field notes and photographs were taken to capture the observations accurately.
Data Analysis
The collected data from questionnaires was analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, such as frequency analysis and mean calculations, to summarize the responses and identify patterns in sustainable practices, waste reduction, recycling, and aesthetics. The open-ended questions were analyzed thematically to extract key themes and insights from the qualitative data.
The observational study data was analyzed through content analysis, focusing on identifying common sustainability practices and aesthetic design elements observed in the hotels. The observations were compared with the questionnaire responses to validate and enhance the findings.
Cross-Comparative Analysis
A cross-comparative analysis was conducted to compare and contrast the sustainable hotel practices between Maldives and the UK. The data from both locations was analyzed separately, and then similarities and differences were identified and discussed. This analysis provided a comprehensive understanding of the contextual factors and cultural influences that shape sustainable practices in different regions.
Ethical Considerations
Ethical considerations were taken into account throughout the research process. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants, and their anonymity and confidentiality were maintained. The research adhered to ethical guidelines and regulations to ensure the protection of participants and the responsible handling of data.
Limitations
This study had some limitations, including the potential for response bias in the questionnaires and the limited number of hotels that can be included in the observational study due to logistical constraints. However, efforts were made to mitigate these limitations through rigorous data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
By utilizing a combination of questionnaires and observational study, this methodology enabled a comprehensive investigation of sustainable hotel practices in Maldives and the UK. The findings provide valuable insights into the integration of waste reduction, recycling, and aesthetics in sustainable hotel design and contribute to the existing knowledge in the field.
Results and Discussion of Findings
Integration of Waste Reduction, Recycling, and Aesthetics
The findings reveal a strong integration of waste reduction, recycling, and aesthetics in the sustainable hotel practices of both Maldives and the UK. In both locations, hotels prioritize waste management systems that include comprehensive recycling programs and proper waste segregation. This indicates a shared commitment to minimizing the environmental impact of hotel operations by diverting waste from landfills. The integration of aesthetics is also evident, with hotels incorporating sustainable materials, natural elements, and culturally inspired designs that enhance the overall ambiance and guest experience.
Varied Approaches to Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation
While both Maldives and the UK hotels emphasize energy efficiency and water conservation, the specific approaches differ due to the contrasting environmental contexts. In Maldives, hotels focus on renewable energy sources, such as solar panels and wind turbines, to harness the abundant natural resources of the archipelago. Additionally, innovative technologies, such as energy-efficient lighting and HVAC systems, are widely adopted to reduce energy consumption. In contrast, UK hotels prioritize energy-efficient appliances, smart energy management systems, and advanced insulation techniques to address the challenges of a temperate climate. Water conservation efforts include the use of low-flow fixtures, rainwater harvesting, and guest education on responsible water usage.
Use of Sustainable Materials and Biodiversity Considerations
Both Maldives and UK hotels demonstrate a strong commitment to using sustainable materials in their design and construction practices. Hotels in Maldives often utilize locally sourced materials, such as bamboo, thatch, and coral-friendly alternatives, to align with the island’s biodiversity preservation goals. In the UK, hotels focus on reclaimed wood, recycled materials, and eco-certified products to minimize the environmental footprint of their construction and interior design. Moreover, both locations emphasize biodiversity conservation by incorporating native plant species, creating green spaces, and preserving natural habitats within the hotel premises. This integration of sustainable materials and biodiversity considerations showcases a holistic approach to sustainable hotel design.
Social Responsibility Initiatives
Social responsibility is a key aspect of sustainable hotel practices in both Maldives and the UK. Hotels in Maldives actively engage with local communities, supporting local artisans, businesses, and suppliers. They also prioritize fair labor practices and employee well-being, ensuring the welfare and development of their staff. In the UK, hotels contribute to community development through partnerships with local charities and organizations. Employee training and development programs are implemented, fostering a positive work environment. These social responsibility initiatives not only enhance the sustainability of the hotels but also contribute to the overall well-being of the communities they operate in.
Cultural Influences and Regional Contexts
The findings highlight the influence of cultural factors and regional contexts on sustainable hotel practices. In Maldives, hotels draw inspiration from the island’s natural beauty, cultural heritage, and traditional craftsmanship, resulting in design elements that reflect the local culture and aesthetics. In the UK, hotels embrace contemporary and eco-conscious design trends that align with the region’s sustainability priorities. These findings emphasize the importance of considering cultural and regional factors in sustainable hotel design to create authentic and contextually relevant experiences.
Challenges and Opportunities
The findings also shed light on the challenges and opportunities faced by hotels in implementing sustainable practices. Common challenges include initial investment costs, operational complexities, and balancing sustainability goals with guest expectations. However, hotels in both locations recognize the long-term benefits of sustainability, such as cost savings, enhanced brand reputation, and guest loyalty. They view sustainability as an opportunity for innovation, differentiation, and competitive advantage in the dynamic hospitality industry.
Conclusion
The findings of this study highlight the successful integration of waste reduction, recycling, and aesthetics in sustainable hotel practices in both Maldives and the UK. The results underscore the importance of energy efficiency, water conservation, use of sustainable materials, biodiversity considerations, and social responsibility initiatives in creating truly sustainable hotels. The cultural influences and regional contexts shape the unique approaches to sustainable practices in each location. The study emphasizes the challenges faced by hotels in implementing sustainability measures and the opportunities they present. Overall, the findings contribute to the knowledge base of sustainable hotel design and have implications for the broader hospitality industry’s pursuit of environmental responsibility and guest satisfaction.
Potential for Knowledge Exchange and Collaboration
The comparative analysis between Maldives and the UK highlights the potential for knowledge exchange and collaboration between different regions. Both locations can learn from each other’s experiences, adapt successful practices and address specific challenges unique to their contexts. For example, Maldives can benefit from the UK’s expertise in energy-efficient technologies and waste management systems, while the UK can learn from Maldives’ approaches to sustainable materials and biodiversity conservation in a fragile island ecosystem. Knowledge sharing platforms, industry conferences, and collaborative initiatives can facilitate the exchange of best practices and foster a collective commitment to sustainable hotel practices globally.
Implications for the Hospitality Industry
The findings of this study have several implications for the hospitality industry. Firstly, they emphasize the importance of integrating waste reduction, recycling, and aesthetics in sustainable hotel design. Hotels should consider the entire lifecycle of materials, from sourcing to disposal, to minimize waste and environmental impact. Secondly, the study highlights the need for continuous innovation and adaptation to regional contexts. Hotels should remain informed about emerging technologies, industry trends, and cultural preferences to stay ahead in sustainable design practices. Finally, the findings underscore the significance of social responsibility and community engagement in sustainable hotel operations. Hotels should actively collaborate with local stakeholders, support local economies, and invest in the well-being of their employees and surrounding communities.
Future Research Directions
This study opens up avenues for further research in sustainable hotel practices. Future studies could focus on a broader geographical scope, examining sustainable practices in other regions or countries. Additionally, in-depth investigations into specific aspects, such as waste management systems, energy-efficient technologies, or social responsibility initiatives, could provide deeper insights into their effectiveness and implementation challenges. Longitudinal studies tracking the evolution of sustainable practices in hotels over time would also be valuable in assessing the long-term impacts and outcomes of sustainable initiatives.
References
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APPENDICES
Questionnaire: Investigating Sustainable Hotel Practices
Thank you for participating in this research study on sustainable hotel practices. Your responses will contribute valuable insights into the integration of waste reduction, recycling, and aesthetics in contemporary hotel design. Please answer the following questions based on your hotel’s practices and initiatives.
Section 1: General Information
- Hotel Name:
- Location (City/Country):
- Your Role/Position at the Hotel:
Section 2: Waste Reduction and Recycling Practices
- Does your hotel have a waste management system in place? a. Yes b. No
- Please specify the waste reduction practices implemented in your hotel (check all that apply): a. Recycling programs for paper, plastic, glass, etc. b. Composting of organic waste c. Source reduction (e.g., minimizing single-use plastics) d. Waste segregation and sorting at the property e. Collaboration with local recycling facilities or initiatives f. Other (please specify): ___________________________
- How effectively do you communicate waste reduction initiatives to guests? a. Very effectively b. Moderately effectively c. Somewhat effectively d. Not effectively
- What challenges do you encounter in implementing waste reduction and recycling practices? (Open-ended response)
Section 3: Integration of Aesthetics and Sustainable Design
- How does your hotel incorporate sustainable materials into its design and construction? a. Use of eco-certified materials b. Use of reclaimed or recycled materials c. Utilization of locally sourced materials d. Other (please specify): ___________________________
- In what ways does your hotel’s design integrate aesthetics and sustainability? a. Incorporation of natural elements (e.g., green spaces, living walls) b. Cultural influences in the design (e.g., local artwork, traditional architecture) c. Use of energy-efficient lighting and fixtures d. Integration of sustainable landscaping practices e. Other (please specify): ___________________________
- How do you ensure that the aesthetic design aligns with sustainable principles? a. Collaborating with sustainable design experts or consultants b. Incorporating sustainable design guidelines and certifications c. Integrating sustainability considerations in the design brief d. Other (please specify): ___________________________
Section 4: Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation
- What energy-efficient technologies or practices are implemented in your hotel? (check all that apply): a. Use of LED or energy-saving lighting b. Installation of motion sensors or automated controls for energy management c. Use of renewable energy sources (e.g., solar panels, wind turbines) d. Implementation of energy-efficient HVAC systems e. Other (please specify): ___________________________
- How does your hotel address water conservation? a. Use of low-flow fixtures (e.g., faucets, showerheads) b. Guest education on responsible water usage c. Rainwater harvesting or graywater recycling d. Monitoring and control systems for water consumption e. Other (please specify): ___________________________
- Are there any specific challenges you face in implementing energy efficiency and water conservation measures? (Open-ended response)
Section 5: Social Responsibility Initiatives
- How does your hotel contribute to the social and economic development of the local community? a. Collaboration with local suppliers, artisans, or businesses b. Support for local charities or community projects c. Employment of local residents d. Other (please specify): ___________________________
- How do you ensure fair labor practices and employee well-being in your hotel? a. Training and development programs for employees b. Provision of fair wages and benefits c. Health and safety initiatives d. Work-life balance policies e. Other (please specify): ___________________________
- How do you engage guests in social responsibility initiatives during their stay? a. Providing opportunities for guest involvement in community projects b. Promoting local cultural experiences and activities c. Encouraging responsible tourism practices (e.g., minimizing water and energy usage) d. Offering options for guest donations to local causes e. Other (please specify): ___________________________
Section 6: Overall Reflection
- How would you rate the overall effectiveness of your hotel’s sustainable practices? a. Very effective b. Moderately effective c. Somewhat effective d. Not effective
- In your opinion, what are the key benefits of integrating sustainable practices in hotel operations? (Open-ended response)
- Are there any specific challenges or barriers you face in implementing sustainable practices in your hotel? (Open-ended response)
- Is there any additional information or comments you would like to provide regarding your hotel’s sustainable practices? (Open-ended response)
Thank you for taking the time to complete this questionnaire. Your input is greatly appreciated and will contribute to a better understanding of sustainable hotel practices.
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